The principal threats to insect biodiversity, away from agriculture and other anthroposcapes are the same as those driving losses of vertebrates, plants, and other organisms across the tree of life. Two stand above all others: land use change, including the many forms of habitat loss and degradation, and climate change, with the latter recognized as an increasingly important and ominous threat to wildlands. Agriculture is often identified as a separate stressor from land use change because in addition to driving accelerating losses of grassland and tropical forests, its scale, enormous chemical dependence, adoption of transgenics, monoculturing, and consumptive use of water collectively represent an especially worrisome threat–and yet one that is essential to feeding the world’s increasing human population in more equitable and just ways. A second tier of threats include nitrification, introduced species, pesticides, and light pollution—see also the figure below. It is unclear how rising carbon dioxide concentrations will be changing the ecophysiology of plants and the multifarious plant-insect interactions that are fundamental to the functioning of the planet’s biosphere. All of these factors can trigger changes in biotic interactions, with consequences that cascade upward and downward across nature’s food webs. In sum, insect diversity is and will long be suffering from death by a thousand cuts as Earth comes under the increasing pressures of eight billion humans. For a recent review of global threat to insects see Cardoso et al. (2022).